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What Experts Say
   

General Accounting Office (GAO) - 2004
   
• The distribution system is the top vulnerability of drinking water systems with hydrants specifically referenced.
   
• "...the distribution of a chemical, biological, or radiological agent via the distribution system could be difficult to detect until it is too late to reverse any harm done."
   
• "These concerns were further amplified when training manuals were discovered in Afganistan detailing how terrorist trainees could support attacks on drinking water systems."
   

President George W. Bush
December 17, 2003
Homeland Security Presidential Directive 7
   
• Terrorists seek to destroy, incapacitate, or exploit critical infrastructure across the U.S.
   
• Critical infrastructures provide the essential services that under pin our society.
   
• Strategic security enhancements can be rapidly implemented to deter, mitigate, or neutralize potential attacks.
   

The White House
February 2003
The National Strategy for the Physical Protection
of Critical Infrastructures and Key Assets
   
• The water sector is focusing on attacks that could result in signifigant human casualties and property damage or widespread economic consequences.
   
• There are four areas of primary concentration:
  1. Physical damage or destruction of critical assets including intentional release of toxic chemicals.
  2. Actual or threatened contamination of the water supply.
  3. Cyber attacks.
  4. Interruption of servies by another infrastucture.
   

United States Congress
June 12, 2002
The Public Health Security and Bioterrorism
Preparedness and Response Act
   
• Purpose: to improve the ability of the United States to prevent, prepare for, and respond to bioterrorism and other health emergencies.
   
• Title IV - Drinking water security and safety. Section 401 - Terrorists and other intentional acts.
  • conduct an assessment of the vulnerability of its system to a terrorist attack or other intentional acts intended to disrupt the ability to provide a safe supply of drinking water
  • the plan shall include methods, means, and equipment which could negate or mitigate the deleterius effects to public health caused by the introduction of contaminants into public drinking water
   

Federal Bureau of Investigation
October 10, 2001
Testimony before Congress by
Ronald L. Dick, Deputy Assisstant Director,
Counter Terrorism Division Director,
National Infrastructure Protection Center
   
• "With regard to contamination by biological agents, the nations water supply may seem like a logical target for terrorist attack."
   
• "contamination of a water supply with an agent that causes illness or death of victims is possible, but not probable."
   
• "a successful attack would require knowledge of, and access to, critical nodes of the water supply network."
   
• "a successful attack would likely involve either disruption of the water treatment process or post-treatment contamination near the target."
   
• "a hazardous toxicant attack on the post-purification drinking water supply or on a building specific target is more credible."
 
 
  Still Vulnerable
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September 11th:
Five Years Later
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Firefighting Foam Taints Cities' Water
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Homeland Security Plans New Direction
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Water Terrorism: An Overview of
Water & Wastewater Security Problems and Solutions
FULL ARTICLE

Early Warning Systems for Hazardous Biological Agents in Potable Water
FULL ARTICLE

CRS Report for Congress:
Terrorism and Security Issues Facing the
Water Infrastructure Sector
FULL ARTICLE

The Biological and Toxin Weapons Threat to the United States
FULL ARTICLE		  
"With regard to contamination by biological agents, the nation's water supply may seem like a logical target for terrorist attack."
- Ronald L. Dick
FBI Deputy Assisstant Director, Counter Terrorism Division Director
 
 
"Terrorists seek to destroy, incapacitate, or exploit critical infrastructures across the U.S.
...Strategic security enhancements can be rapidly implemented to deter, mitigate, or neutralize potential attacks."
- George W. Bush
President of the
United States
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